Educating Rita Essay Transition Example For Students

Teaching Rita Essay Transition Teaching RitaEntertainment from todays dumbfounding enhanced visualizations in motion pictures to men going about as ladies in Shakespearean plays a few centuries prior, have consistently been and will consistently be valued by many.Even George B. Shaws play Pygmalion, has given a couple of chuckles, yet not just made for drawing in a group of people in something fun and bringing in cash, rather to a perceptible degree for individuals to learn. Pygmalion truth be told, is a play loaded up with its well known misguided judgments, as in Act 1 where an educator in phonetics happens to perceive mysteriously an individual he was intended to meet in India, while contending with him on a road in London. Here the class contrasts are stressed since the play depends on a social communication between the classes, and this messing social up. These social issues are referenced as the sexual strains emerge in the play. One of the most significant ideas Shaw however is the Socio-phonetics, since the story depends on a wager of a typical bloom young lady changing into a duchess on account of an appropriately educated English. In many stories confusions are found to make the plot all the more fascinating. Shaw likewise utilizes this method for his story to draw in the peruser making one occasion essential for the advancement of the story. He opens his umbrella and runs off Strandwards, yet comes into impact with a bloom young lady who is rushing in for cover, taking her bushel out of her hands. A blinding blaze lightning, followed quickly by a shaking chime of thunder, organizes the incidentA regular case of a well known misguided judgment is when two individuals incidentally meet in odd conditions. For this situation two individuals fortuitously chance upon one another in the city: a bloom young lady and a man who is in a higher class than her. It is this crash, with a shaking thunder which organizes the episode that clarifies how all the occasions come into place and turning into a decent opening scene. In the main occasion the principal topics are presented: the class contrasts. Six pence discarded! Truly, mamma, you may have saved Freddy that. ( Act 1, pg. 17 Miss Eynsford Hill says about Eliza)The class contrasts are characterized and the high societies disregard is set apart as found in this statement. The state ment proposes essentially a quality of prevalence and egotism from Miss Eynsfords Hill part and little empathy to an individual who is attempting to get by. During the timeframe the play happens society had its social classes heirachiallythe privileged there was no connection at all with the lower classes. As the play proposes the differentiations between the classes were even more clear. The poor were partitioned into two: the meriting and the undeserving poor. Im a decent young lady I am(Liza continually rehashes this in the main demonstrations of the play) As meriting poor Liza, the bloom young lady needs to ceaselessly give her guiltlessness. She needs to try sincerely and know about the police, since they are regularly there as an impediment. Any little error when selling blossoms can be the reason for prison. The meriting poor are the individuals who attempt to ascend the social stepping stool by working and attempt to have a better than average living, very different from the undeserving poor. Dont state that, Governor. Dont take a gander at it that way. What am I, Governors both? I ask you, what am I. Im one of the undeserving poor: that is the thing that I am. Think what that way to a man. It implies that hes up agen white collar class profound quality all the timeI dont eat less healthy than him; and drink much more. I need a touch of beguilement, cause Im a reasoning man( Act 2, pg 58 Mr Doolittle says to Mr Higgins)The undeserving poor, the individuals who invest the greater part of the energy drinking the cash they have earned don't have any regret of not l..iving an existence with white collar class moralities with its obligations and obligations. Mr Doolittle is a generalization for this sort of living. .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .postImageUrl , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:hover , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:visited , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:active { border:0!important; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:active , .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5 571dc86a97de6304b5 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u72dd3f2cdc53a5571dc86a97de6304b5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: David Foster Wallace’s paper Consider the LobsterAs referenced the class contrasts are absolutely appeared and keeping in mind that this connection between the two classes happens the issue of the social issue emerges. You anticipate that me should get into that and wet myself everywhere! Not me. I should come down with a terrible bug. I realized a lady did it each Saturday night; and she passed on of it(Act 2, pg 47 Liza says about washing) The lower class must be cautious about coming down with infections and shield themselves from the chilly, Londons roads were brutal to live in. Washing was, actually, as the statement discloses something to fear, as nakedness and issues including their cleanliness. This scene resembles demise for Liza, who has never at any point seen her own face in the mirror, which the writer with his composing depicts realistically.These are one of the numerous social issues Liza isn't prepared to manage. The demonstration of quitting any pretense of all that she has learned for an amazing duration living on the lanes is hard. She is out of nowhere confronting new issues and an alternate perspective and living that is plainly shown in the washing scene. The sexual strains that were not there before are currently found in the following demonstrations. At the point when the young ladies life of turning out to be as an incredible open door is viewed as an issue for the ladies. If you don't mind, kindly keep to the point, Mr Higgins. I need to know on what footing the young lady is to be here. Is it accurate to say that she is to have any wages? Also, what is to happen to her when youve completed your educating? You should look forward a little.(Act 2, pg 42 Mrs Pearce says to Mr Higgins)A struggle that is more than once referenced in all demonstrations, is this strain between the two genders. To the men it is a bit of leeway for a young lady to learn appropriate English and have the option to ascend the social stepping stool definitely. The ladies in the play, Mrs. Pearce and Mrs. Higgings rather observe the results of the young lady, the social issue, the adjustment she needs to experience by living in an altogether obscure world.Socio-semantics is remembered for this difference in life the principle character is hauled in to. How language is utilized was and is a significant factor in each society.Mr Higgins, the educator in phonetics clarifies it being an unequivocal issue in the event that one needs to move in the social stepping stool. Men start in Kentish town with 80 per year, and end in Park path with a hundred thousand; yet they part with themselves each time they open their mouths(Act 1 pg 27, Mr Higgins says to the man of his word, Mr Pickering)The creator gives the case of a poor young lady that by talking as indicated by privileged is mixed up as a princess. As you talk you are seen which Shaw delineates in the play. At the point when the bloom young lady was treated as a woman she went about as a woman. This is a decent exercise to learn and can be with a wide range of individuals and circumstances. George B. Shaw didn't just compose this play to engage which this examination clarifies. Class contrasts are prominent, yet it is difficult to know the qualities of each on the off chance that one has not been in that position, represents the play. In this manner, plays that decipher the perspectives on rich and poor, manage social threats and those are illuminated in Pygmalion. Not just this even sexual pressures are contemplated. As the men center around one goal the ladies don't, they dissect its environmental factors, considering it an entire with its results. This one certainly observes with the male and female characters in the play. The socio-etymology, which the author likewise has as one of the fundamental subjects, is characterized to be the key factor on how you see individuals. Finally, what he likewise places accentuation into is the famous misinterpretations that are urgent for the plot of this story.

The First Reconstruction A Revolution essays

The First Reconstruction A Revolution articles Numerous individuals will contend that the social and political changes in the period somewhere in the range of 1860 and 1877 finished in an insurgency. This timeframe, known as the First Reconstruction, made numerous advances in balance for Blacks in casting a ballot, governmental issues, and the utilization of open offices. The officials of the time were anyway unfit to gain sufficient ground in progressing monetary fairness; consequently Blacks didnt totally get away from their unique situation. This ought not be viewed as an upheaval since its outcomes were immediately turned around when previous confederate pioneers and different extremists recovered the intensity of enactment in the South. The First Reconstruction was an aftereffect of the Civil War and went on until 1977. The political, social, and financial conditions after the war characterized the objectives of administrators during the Reconstruction. Congress presently needed to choose how they were going to address such themes as; Black balance, revamping of the South, affirmation of southern state to the Union, and concluding who might control the legislature. In the south the recently liberated slaves meandered the open country and the white populace was crushed because of their misfortune in the ongoing war. The south was additionally crushed financially; ranches were wrecked, railways destroyed, their work power gone, and urban areas were scorched. In the post Civil War time there was a battle for the force, each with their own thoughts on how the nation ought to go about in the reproduction procedure. To begin with, the Southern Democrats, a gathering made up of previous Confederate pioneers and different individuals from the gentry, strived to end the apparent control of the North over the South. They likewise looked for the reinstitution of servitude under an alternate name, Black Codes. These codes would give a modest work power to the manors by constraining the privileges of Blacks to move, vote, travel, and change occupations. Second, Moderate Republicans needed to get an approach of compromise wager... <!

Research Paper on Voltree Powers CircuiTree Example

Research Paper on Voltree Powers CircuiTree Example Research Paper on Voltree Powers CircuiTree â€" Research Paper Example > Company and Product Affiliation Company and Product Company - Voltree Power Type of business structure- Voltree Power is a Private Company or a corporate Management team/ ownership- the management team of Voltree Power, consists of four members. These members include Stella J. Karavas- Chief Executive Officer Pamela Kouroubacalis Jonah- Chief Operating and Marketing Officer Chris J. Lagadinos- Chief Technology Officer and President of Engineering Christopher J. Love- Science Advisor Location- Voltree Power is located in Canton, Massachusetts United States of America Company history- Voltree Power established in 2005 and its founders were Chris J. Lagadinos, Stella J. Karavas and Gordon Wadle. The Voltree Power Company holds two international and US patents. The company was the first organization to undertake metabolic energy harvesting from non-animal organisms like plants and trees through MIT sponsored research. The founders of the company focused on producing energy using environmental friendly and cost effective means. Voltree Power designs, research, maintain and manufacture ultra-low-power sensors, modules for energy harvesting, and elements of autonomous single-point and mesh deployment networks. Vision Statement- integrating emerging technologies to provide smart, cost effective and innovative sensing solutions that allow customers to communicate and respond while being environmentally responsible. Objective- Voltree Power is dedicated and focused on providing cost-effective, smart and innovative sensing solutions to its clients through integrating emerging technologies while preserving the natural resources. Products/ services and target market Voltree Power has several products that support an integrated system for energy harvesting to provide cost-effective, practical and innovative environmental solutions and preservation of natural resources. These products include; Javelin product family- enables application of autonomous cloud-based and mesh sensor networks in hard-to-reach areas. Sensors- Voltree Power provides several types of energy sensors that are integrated with the modern technology. These sensors include Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) Sensor, CO2 Sensor, Fuel Moisture Sensor and Bioenergy sensor. Bioenergy harvester- a technology that converts metabolic energy from living plants to useable and ready electricity that provide a unique battery replacement option for low-power sensors and source of power in nanotechnology. CircuiTree Bioenergy Science Kit- A science kit that helps in inspiring scientists’ generations to adopt bioenergy technology. The CircuiTree Kit assists adults and children to understand tree power technology and encourages participation through lighting LED’s using tree power. Other services provided by Voltree Power include donations, architecture, innovations and research. Services- Voltree Power management provides custom solutions to the defense, laser, microwave, broadcast, aerospace and renewable energy industries. The Company has a well-equipped metal fabrication shop, machine shop and welding and electronic assembly areas. The company also offers testing for energy products that are either electrical or mechanical. Target market- Voltree Power has a range of target market that it can effectively serve. First, the company focuses on forestry Ministries and departments in provision of wildfire monitoring service, alert and prediction systems and early warning systems. Secondly, the company targets individuals or corporates that use power energy through provision of the Bioenergy harvester. The company also targets public utility organizations in charge of natural resources to preserve natural resources by utilizing innovative sensor technology. Lastly, the company targets new generations of scientists through provision of the CircuiTree Bioenergy Kit to encourage more research and adoption of the Bioenergy technology. Countries of operation - Voltree Power undertakes its operation in United States, Italy, Greee and Mexico. Partners- Voltree Power believes in partnerships that increase benefits to the current and future clients. Major partners include Cymbet Corporation, Lufft, Linear Technology, Drakontel, Massachusetts Complete and Alphanetrix. Headquarters- Voltree Power Inc. 222 Bolivar Street, Canton, MA 02021, United States Contact- Telephone: 781-858-4939 Email: admin@voltreepower. com Web Site- www. voltreepower. com Reference Voltree Power (2014). Corporate Fact and History Sheet. Retrieved from http: //voltreepower. com/pdfs/VoltreeFactSheet-2015Apr. pdf Voltree Power (2015). Products. Retrieved from http: //voltreepower. com/products. html Texas Instruments (2011). Voltree Power energy harvesting technology enhanced by TI’s MSP430â„¢ MCU. Retrieved from http: //www. voltreepower. com/pdfs/2011_TICaseStudy. pdf

Way of Seeing, by John Berger and Susan Bordo’s Beauty...

People tend to views an image based on how society say it should be they tend to interpret the image on those assumption, but never their own assumptions. Susan Bordo and John Berger writes’ an argumentative essay in relation to how viewing images have an effect on the way we interpret images. Moreover, these arguments come into union to show what society plants into our minds acts itself out when viewing pictures. Both Susan Bordo and John Berger shows that based on assumptions this is what causes us to perceive an image in a certain way. Learning assumption plays into our everyday lives and both authors bring them into reality. In Susan Bordo’s â€Å"Beauty (Re)discover The Male Body, she uses advertisement as a form of her argument on how†¦show more content†¦Therefore, he is using terms that would relate to Bordo argument but from a different context. When using the terms penetrating or seduce, they are seen in a sexual content but not from its natural sta te. Berger is talking about people look at a piece art and expect to know the personality of the people portrayed. Thus, Bordo is stating how society work upon us saying its ok for women to be naked and not male in advertisement. In comparison, both authors formulated learning assumptions through their work by writing with assumption. Berger essay is filled with written assumption offered to his reader as guides to flow alone with work. Berger present this assumption, â€Å"Assumptions concerning: Beauty, truth, genius, civilization, form, status, taste, etc.† (Berger 143). He make it understandable that we go looking for a category of feature when looking at a piece of art instead of looking at its originality as a whole master piece. Bordo write with assumption through advertisements. She say, â€Å"It used to be that one could tell a lot about gender and race from looking at ads† (Bordo 208). Bordo have even been a victim of learning assumptions herself. She is giv ing her read that past vs. future ratio, since in the past people viewed advertisement based off stereotype. Now it is like when you view an advertisement you do not know what to believe because stereotype have changed. Although both author in differentShow MoreRelatedHow We See and Read Images1247 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause advertisements are meant to capture the audience attention. Art and beauty attract the attention of the mind through the eye. John Berger, an English art critic, novelist, painter, and poet tried to explain the way human beings view things and how this is affected by our knowledge, beliefs and what they assume to be right. He explains that what we see has been recreated or reproduced. Berger points out that the woman’s body portrayed by different people has changed over time, for instance, in early

The Steps in the Acquisition Process for a Negotiated Best...

Acquisition is a process that requires teamwork with each individual and/or group working together to ensure that the customer is provided the greatest overall benefit in response to their requirements (best value). Acquisition planning should start once the need for supplies or services are identified. Integrated Product Teams (IPT) should be used when needed to help develop the acquisition strategy. The use of these teams will reduce false starts and delays resulting from unclear scopes of work. In the following paragraphs the steps in the acquisition process will be defined and discussed. The first step in acquisition planning is market research. Market research collects and analyzes information about the capabilities within the†¦show more content†¦There will be some acquisitions were tradeoffs may not be utilized. In such situations where the Government would not realize any value from a proposal exceeding the minimum technical requirements. The third step is establishing the Source Selection Organization (SSO). SSO’s should be established early in the planning stages. The success of the SSO relies on the skills, expertise, and experience of the members. Representatives from appropriate functional areas such as contracting, technical, logistics, legal, program management, and users should make up the source selection organization. In formal source selection the SSO consists of three entities; 1) Source Selection Authority (SSA); 2) Source Selection Advisory Council (SSAC); and 3) Source Selection Evaluation Board (SSEB). The Source Selection Authority (SSA) can be the contracting officer or a higher level official (agency head or other official) on more complex acquisitions. The SSA is responsible for the proper conduct of the source selection, establishing the SSO, approving the source selection/evaluation plan, solicitation, and consistency within acquisition documents. The SSA selects the successful offe ror. The SSAC compares the proposals against one another and provides an analysis to the SSA. The SSEB evaluates the proposals. The SSEB is made up of multiple groups of evaluatorsShow MoreRelatedIntermediate Pricing and Contract Integration2703 Words   |  11 Pagesreasonably. The role of this guide is to reconcile the two documents by addressing the contents of both separately. However, different cases may call for different approaches and thus prompting the user not to use the same format. Thus, each procurement process has its own specifications although there is a clear format for both documents. Introduction Receiving and issuing of government contracts is one of the most complex issues. 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English, the Official Language in the U. S. Free Essays

The researcher stated that English is now the official language in the United States. There are documents that discuss the importance of an official language in America, which supports this statement. In this research there are further details about English as the Official Language in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on English, the Official Language in the U. S. or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. and how language can unite people in society, it can be universal as a language, and it also shows that it has the tendency be a challenge, for other cultures to learn as a second language. There should be a way for everyone to co-exist and to function as one nation under God in America. Language is the substance for people to communicate with one another and to co-exist freely. It can be quite difficult to communicate with people from other cultures that do not speak the English language, but the founding fathers set an example to blend English speakers with non-English speakers casually. In the Oxford Handbook on Language and Law by Peter Tiersma, stated, the founding fathers were almost all native speakers of English (Tiersma, P. ) European Languages in Early America (pg. 6). But, at that time, they had not yet deemed English as the official language in the United States. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) comments on prior period efforts on English-only laws that reduced the privileges of non-English speakers, which usually made existence intricate for huge groups of non-English speaking populations. One example cited in Dade County, Florida, where, after a 1980 English-only law was passed, Spanish signs on public transportation were removed. Mount, S. (2010). There were many native speakers from many different countries, who came to the U. S. , and even though most of the founding fathers were native speakers of English, during the early American times, there was no need to consider English as the official language. During this day and age, the government, corporate world, media, and the entertaining industry use English as the customary language for communication. This does not exclude other cultures from using their native languages, but if the y want to communicate with society, they may need to learn English as a second language that they may be able to cope. According to research the U. S. English tongue is a nationalized, independent, non-profit populace assembly, whose assignment is to safeguard the role of the English verbal communication in the United States and erect it to be the representative dialect of the administration, consequently encouraging immigrants to study English (U. S. English). There was a large number of immigrates that came to this country within a ten year span, who spoke the Spanish language and millions came from Asia and Central America. There have been several attempts to make English the official language, although none of the bills were passed in Congress. Recipients of Official English policies, as they are limited and to the point, dispute that English have been the prevailing speech for the superior element of this century and ought to be made the official language in array to make things easier for government processes. In other language contact research, Bond et al. (2006) demonstrated the influence of Russian on Latvian vowels, and Guion (2003) the interaction of Quichua and Spanish on the vowels of bilinguals. In some research on vowels, Bullock and her social group discovered that French spoken in Frenchville, PA, most of the vowels reviewed proved a continuous course of action of meeting through the English vowel structure (Bullock, Dalola, Gerfen, 2006; Bullock Gerfen, 2004a, 2004b, 2005. Also see Hualde, 2004 for a response to Bullock Gerfen). Sometimes it may be a challenge for other cultures to learn English as a second language. Recently English became the official language in the United States. Twenty-seven states have enacted laws proclaiming English their official language,† (Macmillan, C. Michael, Tatalovich, Raymond), American Review of Canadian Studies, 02722011, Summer2003, Vol. 33, Issue 2. For other states such as California and Georgia, Official English statutes that are more restrictive, i. e. , mandating that all state employees conduct official business solely in English as well as doing away with bilingual state forms is being considered (Torres 1996. ) Englis h-only proposers like U. S. English oppose that English-only laws commonly have exceptions for community safety and health requirements. They note that the English-only laws aid the government in saving money by allowing publication of certified papers in one language, saving money by not having to translate and on printing costs, and that English-only laws support the education of the English language by non-English speakers. One example is of Canada, who has two official languages, which is English and French. The government of Canadian has addressed this issue, documenting in 1996 – 1997; there was a sum of 260 million Canadian dollars that was spent on bilingual services. According to U. S. English, the so named states currently have authorized language laws in their books: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, and Wyoming. A few of them date back as many as a few decades, i. e. , Louisiana (1811) and Nebraska (1920), though most official verbal communication statutes were approved since the 1970’s. The most recent attempts to endorse English as the administrative language has become more of the immigration from Spanish-speakers and people from the East (such as China and Vietnam) has brought an flood of foreigners to the U. S. According to the 1990 Census, 13. 8 percent of U. S. people speak some language other than the English language at home. There is a 2. 9 percent, or 6. 7 million of the people that did not speak any English what so ever, or they just could not speak it all that well. The ACLU, who is affiliated with and are in a group has opposed to establishing a nationwide authorized tongue, published a paper about reasons that such a shift ought to be challenged. It starts by acknowledging the exertion by John Adams, in the year of 1780, to institute an administrative academy that would be devoted to English, a move that was cast off at that time as undemocratic. The ACLU notes prior attempts on the English-only laws that limited the rights of non-English communicators or which in general made life complicated for a large group of non-English talking populations. This example is cited in Dade County, Florida, in a place that after a 1980 law was passed for English-only, Spanish signs on public transportation were removed Mount, S. (2010). It is the belief of the ACLU that the law for English-only has the ability to violate the protection of the U. S. Constitution of its due process (more so in courts where the service for translation would not be offered) also equality in protection (for example, where the English-only ballots would be utilized instead of the bilingual ones, when they were made available in the past). In conclusion, it has been determined that English is the official language of the United States. English has been valuable for the government to make it easier to communicate the processes to the people. The research shows that making English the official language has been very beneficial to the government. It helped the government by the English-only laws that did aid the government in saving money by allowing publication of certified documents in one tongue. It saved money by not having to translate and it saved money on the printing costs. Also, the English-only laws support the education of the English language by non-English speakers who in turn finance education through learning English. Though in the early American days, it was a challenge to pass the law to make English the official language, it stood the test of time and has proven to be the language that America would choose to be its representative as the language for the United States. All may not agree that it is necessary for English to be the official language in the U. S. because of the great numbers of non-English speakers that has immigrated here. Nevertheless, it has been decided, that America has an official language that will aid the government in many ways, and English has been established to do America that honor in aiding the government and the communities. References American Psychological Association (http://www. apa. org/) Czubaj, C. (1995). English as a second language–are educators doing a disservice to students? Education, 116(1), 109. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Greenhouse, L. (1996). Supreme Court to Review Law Making State Employees Speak English. New York Times News Service. Available: http://www. latino. com/news/0325sup. html Hellegaard, J. (1996). Official-English Laws Boost Discrimination, Says UF Law Professor. Macmillan, C. , Tatalovich, R. (2003). Judicial Activism vs. Restraint: The Role of the Highest Courts if Official Language Policy in Canada and the United States. American Review of Canadian Studies, 33(2), 239. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Major, R.. (2010). First language attrition in foreign accent perception. The International Journal of Bilingualism, 14(2), 163-183,275. Retrieved March 7, 2011, from Research Library. (Document ID: 2072928711). Mount, S. (2010). Constitutional topic: due process. Retrieved February 23, 2011 from http://www. usconstitution. net/consttop_duep. html â€Å"The Constitution of the United States,† Article 1, Section 8, Clause 5. â€Å"The Constitution of the United States,† Amendment 5. http://www. us-english. org/ How to cite English, the Official Language in the U. S., Essays

Trp Ratings free essay sample

Television Rating Points TRP is the criterion that indicates the popularity of a channel or programme and this data is very useful for the advertisers who bid their advertisements for a particular television slot based on the TRP of a program being aired at that slot. Television audience measurement (â€Å"TAM†) or television rating points (â€Å"TRP†), essentially calculate the popularity of a television programme by measuring the number of viewers a programme enjoys at a specific time. TRPs are invaluable in media planning since allocation of expenses is decided based on these figures. 2) What are the metrics measured to arrive at TRP ratings? The recent controversy revolves around the fact that the Union Information and Broadcasting Ministry has decided to take action against two reality shows â€Å"Bigg Boss 4 â€Å" and â€Å"Rakhi ka Insaaf†. Colors and Imagine, the 2 channels, which telecast these shows respectively, have been reprimanded. The Ministry has asked all the channels to air such kinds of shows that have adult content, only between 11 p. We will write a custom essay sample on Trp Ratings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page m. and 5 p. m. The decision can be seen as a step to correct the changing definition of prime time viewing. Earlier dedicated to family dramas, this slot has now been taken over by reality shows. Such shows are currently seen as kingmakers (top TRP grabbers) in the television industry as these channels try to pull all strings to stay ahead in the game. Television Metrics in India have gone through several phases in which it fragmented, consolidated and then fragmented again. The different metrics used have been mentioned below- DART During the days of the single channel Doordarshan monopoly, DART (Doordarshan Audience Research Team) was the only metric available. This used the notebook method of recordkeeping across 33 cities across India. DART continues to provide this information independent of the Private agencies. DART till this date is the only rating system that still measures audience metrics in Rural India. TAM INTAM In 1994, claiming a heterogeneous and fragmenting television market ORG-MARG introduced INTAM (Indian National Television Audience Measurement). Ex-officials of DD (Doordarshan) claimed that INTAM was introduced by vested commercial interests who only sought to break the monopoly of DD and that INTAM was significantly weaker in both sample size, rigour and the range of cities and regions covered. In 1997, a joint industry body appointed TAM (backed by  AC Nielson) as the official record-keeper of audience metrics. Due to the differences in methodology and samples of TAM and INTAM, both provided differing results for the same programs. In 2001, a confidential list of households in Mumbai that were participating in the monitoring survey was released, calling into question the reliability of the data. This subsequently led to the merger of the two measurement systems into TAM. For several years after this, in spite of misgivings about the process, sample and other parameters, TAM was the de-facto standard and monopoly in the audience metrics game. aMap In 2004, a rival ratings service, funded by a slew of American NRI investors, called  Audience Measurement Analytics Limited  (aMap) was launched. Although initially, it faced a cautious uptake from clients, the TAM monopoly was broken. aMap  USP is that ratings are available as early as next day as compared to TAMs timeline of next week. Broadcast Audience Research Council An even newer industry body called Broadcast Audience Research Council, seeks to setup an almost real-time audience metrics system. Plans for this was announced in march 2008 and work is said to be in progress. ) What is the methodology followed (could be with data collection, calculating the metrics, arriving at the ratings, etc. )? Traditional methods of ratings were through survey’s or diary entries. Presently, INTAM (Indian Television Audience Measurement) is the only electronic rating agency functioning in India. INTAM uses two methodologies for calculating TRP. 1) First is frequency monitoring, in which people meters are installed in sample homes and these electronic gadgets continuously record data about the channel watched by the family members. The People meter is a costly equipment, which is imported from abroad. It reads the frequencies of channels, which are later, decoded into the name of the channels and the agency prepares a national data on the basis of its sample homes readings. 2) Second technique is more reliable and relatively new to India. In picture matching technique people meter continuously records a small portion of the picture that is being watched on that particular television set. Along with this agency also records all the channels data in the form of small picture portion. Data collected from the sample homes is later on matched with the main data bank to interpret the channel name. And this way national rating is produced. 4) Regarding the recent controversy, what’s wrong with the new methodology? There are a number of issues with the existing method of measuring TRP— 1) There is a drawback in the above mentioned technique of frequency monitoring using people meters, as cable operators frequently change the frequencies of the different channels before sending signals to the homes. It may be very misleading to read a channel according to a particular frequency even if the down linking frequency is same all over India. 2) At the same time it is important to understand that the ‘ratings’ do not necessarily provide qualitative evaluations of how much a programme is ‘liked’ or what programme content a particular audience truly demands. Ratings simply calculate numbers within the chosen sample households. The method of arriving at such ratings is therefore critical. 3) There has been an on-going debate on whether to and how to regulate TRP rating agencies in India. At present, there are no guidelines or regulations for the method of determining TRPs, the minimum standards, the extent and demography of sample households, the equipment to be used, the technology to be adopted in data collection and the platforms which should be covered. Private rating agencies follow internal policies for their research, while some rating agencies follow industry codes for market researchers. Adherence to these codes, however, is voluntary. The absence of TRP guidelines and regulations, has therefore raised questions on the accountability of the research agency and credibility of the ratings and procedure followed. Thus as per above mentioned points it is not certain if the programs on television that boasted of high TRP ratings, did actually get the increased viewership. It could just have been a distorted measurement of viewership that channels would have used for their benefit to earn more money by selling advertisement slots. This eventually dragged them into the regulatory trap and caused the controversy where Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting had to intervene and set the appropriate rules.